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- SourH CAROLINA INSTIPUTION 


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FOR THE Pa 


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PREPARED BY 


CEDAR SPRING, S.C. 


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SOUTH GAROLINA INSTITUTION 


FOR THE 


PREPARED BY 


N. F&F. WALKER, 


CEDAR SPRING,S.C. 


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SOUTH GAROLINA INSTITUTION 


FOR THE 


Fducation of the Deaf and the Blind, 


This Institution was established, at its present location, Cedar 
Spring, Spartanburg county, 8. C., by Rev. Newton Pinckney 
Walker, in 1849. On the 22d of January of that year Mr. 
Walker admitted a class of five deaf children into his school 
for speaking and hearing children. By the end of the year 
three additional pupils had joined this class and Mr. Walker 
decided to devote his entire time to the education of the deaf. 
He had spent a few months during the year 1848 at the Cave 
Spring (Georgia) School for the Deaf, preparing himself for this 
special work. Dr. J. H. Johnson, the present Principal of the 
Alabama Institution for the Deaf, informed the writer recently 
‘that he was teaching at the Cave Spring School in 1848 and 
gave Mr. Walker his first lesson in the use of the Manual 


alphabet. 
The names of the five pupils first admitted are as follows: 
John M. Hughston, E. Jane Hughston, 
E. Melton Hughston, Irene A. Cooper, 


Harvey W. Bennett. 


All of the above were residents of Spartanburg county, in 
which the Institution is located. 

The founder of the school was born in said county on the 
29th of November, 1816. 

In the first printed report of the Institution (1854) Mr. 
Walker says: “ Little did I think, a few years ago, that I would 
ever be as I now find myself—surrounded by mutiplied cares of 


4 South Carolina Institution for the 


so peculiar a character; children whose condition in life gives 
point to the sacredness of the trust; when indeed, at first, I 
aspired to nothing higher in this sphere of action than the 
amelioration of the intellectual condition of a few deaf-mute 
relatives of my wife.” In the same report he says: ‘“‘ From these 
statements it would appear that, as the Institution is now being 
conducted, it might continue to dispense its blessings, though 
in an humble manner, without disturbance. And were I to 
consult nothing except my own interest in a pecuniary point of 
view, or self-composure in the uninterrupted possession of this 
property—a something which ‘nature calls its own,’ I might 


REY. NEWTON PINCKNEY WALKER. 


never ask for any change, feeling that 1 am sufficiently compen- 
sated to raise wny family as my neighbors are doing. * * But 
over all this, I submit for your consideration, and of citizens 
of the State generally, that private property, being subject 
to forego material changes, is always unsafe for public pur- 
poses. And though content in my humble sphere, trying to 
manage my business as a unit, in an individual, independent 
manner, yet I am willing to acquiesce in any change in the 
matter which might be dictated by candid deliberation. My 
great desire is that the Institution, in some form, be perpetu- 


Education of the Deaf and the Blind. 5 


ated in all time, in such a manner as to reflect honor according 
to that form, whether individual or State protection be thrown 
around it.” . 

In April, 1855, a department for the Blind was added, with 
Professor James 8. Henderson, a graduate of the Tennessee 
School for the Blind, as principal teacher. 

In 1857 the school was changed from an individual enterprise 
to a State institution, and the Legislature made a liberal appro- 
priation for the erection of suitable buildings. 

The death of the Principal, Rev. N. P. Walker, occurred No- 
vember 13, 1861. In the Annual Report of the Board of Commis- 
sioners to the Legislature, after the death of the Principal, they 
say: ‘In the last report of our predecessors, your body was also 
advised of the death of the Principal, N. P. Walker, which 
occurred previous to the report, but after the expiration of the 
fiscal year. We have not supplied his place by the appoint- 
ment of another. This we could not have done if we had 
deemed it advisable, because of the appropriation for the sup- 
port of the Institution being less than it had been for the two 
preceding years. Weare satisfied, however, that no change in 
the management or government of the Institution is desirable. 
* * he Professors and their Assistants are connected by 
blood or marriage; the utmost harmony prevails, and each 
appears desirous of advancing the interest of the Institution ; 
and the introduction of a stranger as Superintendent and gov- 
ernor would probably cause dissatisfaction and destroy that 
harmony which is necessary to success. ‘The only change made 
in the employees is the appointment of a Steward; who is the 
son of the late Superintendent. We therefore, at present, pro- 
pose no further change, and have directed the Institution to be 
condueted in the same manner as the last year.” The school 
was carried on in this way, without the appointment of a Super- 
intendent, from November, 1861, to April, 1865, at which time, 
on account of the unsettled condition of the country and of the 
finances of the State—the Civil War having just ended—it 
became necessary to close its doors and to send the pupils to 
their homes. 

No statement of the origin of the school, with its successes 
and its difficulties, would be complete without mentioning that 
in all things the founder had a faithful co-worker in his wife, 
Mrs. Martha L: Walker, who, by her personal labor and con- 


stant words of cheer and encouragement made success possible. 


6 South Carolina Institution for the 


She still lives (February, 1893,) and delights in the continued 
success and growth of the school. 

In October, 1866, J. S. Henderson and N. F. Walker were 
appointed Associate Principals, and the Institution was re- 
opened; but after one session was again closed on account of 
the continued unsettled condition of the State ’s finances. 

In September, 1869, the school was again reopened, with J. 
M. Hughston, a graduate of the Institution, as Superintendent. 
In 1872 Mr. Hughston resigned and the present Superintend- 
ent, N. F. Walker, was appointed. During the school-year of 
1872-73, by the direction of the Board of Commissioners, a 
building, on a lot adjoining the Institution, was fitted up for 
the opening of a department for colored pupils. On the 17th 
of September, 1873, the following instructions from the Board 
of Commissioners were placed in the hands of Superintendent 
Walker : 

‘First. Colored pupils must not only be admitted into the 
Institution on application, but an earnest and faithful effort 
must be made to induce such pupils to apply for admission. 

“Second. Such pupils, when admitted, must be domiciled in 
the same building, must eat at the same table, and be taught in 
the same class-rooms and by the same teachers, and must re- 
ceive the same attention, care, and consideration as white 
pupils.” 

On the reception of the above order the Superintendent and 
all other officers and teachers sent in their resignations. An 
effort was made to secure a Superintendent and teachers who 
would accept and be governed by the above instructions, but it 
failed. The school, on account of above order, was closed 
from September, 1875, to September, 1876. It is proper that 
it should be stated that the same political party which was in 
power and issued the above instructions directed the reopening 
early in the year 1876, on the basis of the original arrange- 
ment, viz.: the establishment of separate departments for 
white and colored pupils. Superintendent Walker and most 
of his corps of teachers were reappointed. The progress of 
the school has been uninterrupted since its reorganization in 
1876. 

The Department for colored pupils was opened in 1883. 

South Carolina took her first step in the matter of educating 
her deaf children in 1832, or at least sent her first pupils to 
the Hartford (Connecticut) School during that year. From 


Education of the Deaf and the Blind. 7 


1832 to 1849, the date of the opening of the Cedar Spring 
School, the State paid the whole or a part of the expenses of 
seventeen pupils at the Hartford Institution. Mrs. S. W. C. 
, Rogers, nee Holmes, who now (February, 1893,) lives near 
Cedar Spring, and her brother, Joseph Holmes, were the first 
children sent by the State to Hartford. 


LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS FROM 
1849 tro 1898. 


From 1849 to 1869 the Board was composed of the Governor, 
ex officio, and two other members appointed by the Governor, as 
follows : 


Rey. Peter J. Shand, . : ; . 1849 to 1850. 
Hon. C.G. Memminger, . t F . 1849 to 1861. 
Hon. T. N. Dawkins, , . 1850 to 1855. 
Hon. Samuel McAliley, . 1855 to 1862. 
Hon. T. N. Dawkins, . 1861 to 1869. 
Hon. H. D. Lesesne, : f : . 1862 to 1869. 


From 1869 to 1878 the Board was composed of the Governor, 
Comptroller-General, and Superintendent of Education as ex 
officio members, as follows : 


Gov. R. K. Scott, ; ! / . 1869 to 1872. 
Comp. Gen. J. L. Neagle, . : . 1869 to 1872. 
Sup’t of Education J. K. Jillson, . . 1869 to 1876. 
Gov. F. J. Moses, ; : : » 1872 to 1874. 
Comp.Gen.S. L. Hoge, . ; . 1872 to 1874. 
Gov. D. H. Chamberlain, . : ; yi AST4 to L876. 
Comp. Gen. T.C. Dunn, + . 1874 to 1876. 
Gov. Wade Hampton, . 1876-to 1878. 
Comp. Gen. Johnson Hagood, . . 1876 to 1878. 
Sup't of Education H,S. Thompson, . . 1876 to 1878. 


From 1878 to date, 1898, the Board has beencomposed of the 
Superintendent of Education, ex officio, and four members ap- 
pointed by the Governor, as follows : 


Hon. T. J. Moore, Chairman, . . 1878 to 1898. 
Hon. H. E. Heinitsh, Sec. and yieet . 1878 to 1893. 
Hon. D. E. Converse, ; : : . 1878 to 1898. 
tion. J. F; Picken, .. ' . 1878 to 1893. 


Sup’t of Education H. 8. THeHtbeou . 1878 to 1882. 


§ South Carolina Institution for the 


Sup't of Education A. Coward, . { . 1882 to 1886. 
Sup't of Education J. H. Rice, . i . 1886 to 1890. 
Sup’t of Education W. D. Mayfield, . . 1890 to 1898. 
LIST OF SUPERINTENDENTS FROM 1849 To 18983. 
Newton P. Walker, . ; . 1849 to 1861. 
No Superintendent from. 2 , . 1861 to 1865. 


James 8. Henderson, 1 Set eee Pp 
pe av . 


rincipals, 1866 to 1867. 
Newton F. Walker, J E 


John M. Hughston, . . . 1869 to 1872. 
Newton F. Walker, . : , sLOt2eto eis ree 
Newton F. Walker, . . 2 . 1876 to 1898. 


Ne Z 


PROF. N. F. WALKER. 


TEACHERS OF THE DEAF FROM 1849 to 1893. 


NoFPe Walker, .. ,; . 1849 to 1856. 
R. C. Springs, . rc . 1850 to 1856, 


J.B. Edwards, . cB aE ABBOr EIB Hos 


Education of the Deaf and the 


J. M. Hughston, 

Miss M. J. Cunningham, 
Miss L. VU. Walker, 
Miss 8. J. Walker, 

Miss M. A. Walker, 
Miss J. I. Rogers, 

N. F. Walker, 

D. 8. Rogers, 

Miss Eva Ballard, 

Miss Bessie Eddy, 

Miss Eva Ballard, 

Mrs. L. C. Irby, 

Miss M. M. King, 
T. H. Coleman, . ey 
Miss M. O. Sherrerd, . 
Mrs. G. Coleman, 


ART THACHER. 


Mrs. G. Coleman, nee Decker, 


Blind. 


1854 to 1887. 
1854 to 1855. 
1854 to 1856. 
1856 to 1864, 
1864 to 1865. 
1869 to 1878. 
1876 to 1879. 
1879 to 1888. 
1880 to 1884. 
1884 to 1886. 
1886 to 1890. 
1887 to 1898. 


~ 1887 to 1898. 


1888 to 1895. 
1890 to 1898. 
1892 to 1893. 


1889 to 1895. 


DEPARIMENE FOR COLORED PUPILS. 


J. Garrett, 
EH. L. Boney, 
J. T. Carter, 


1885 to 1887. 
1887 to 1890. 
1890 to 1898. 


’ TEAGHERS OF THE BLIND FROM 1855 To 1893. 


J. 8. Henderson, 

Miss M. A. Walker, 

Mrs, L. C. W. Henderson, 
N. F, Walker, 

Mrs. M. A. North, 
Mrs. L. C. W. Henderson, . 
Miss I. M. 8. Walker, 

L. H. Cromer, 

Miss R. B. North, 

Miss A. Stevens, 

Miss M. P. Holland, : 
Mrs. S. A. Stover, 

Mrs P. L. Meares, 

Miss B. P. Wright, 

J. 8. Henderson (music), 


W. B. North (music), 


: 


TSH arto le 1U: 
Lhetayogs tom Kets hon 
1856 to 1870. 
1870 to 1872. 
1872 to 1873. 
1876 to 1879. 
1879 to 1881. 
1881 to 1893. 
1881 to 1882. 
1882 to 1889. 
1889 to 1890. 
1890 to 1891. 
1891 to 1892. 
1892 to 1898. 
1855 to 1867. 
1869 to 1882. 


10 South Carolina Institution for the 


H. W. Estes (music), . 1882 to 1888. 
G. W. Dixson (music), : . 1883 to 1885. 
A. Krapf (music), . . 1885 to 1887. 
J. A. Holland (music), : . 1887 to 1890. 
W. L. Stover (music), : ; . 1890 to 1891. 
J. C. Meares (music), : ; . . 1891 to 1898. 
MATRONS FROM 1849 to 1893. 
Mrs. M. L. Walker, . : . 1849 to 1867. 
Mrs. A. R. Neagle, . . 1869 to 1873. 
Mrs. M. L. Walker, . Pe ; . 1876 to 1878. 
Mrs. V. E. Walker, . : . 1878 to 1898. 


The following Reports of the School have been printed : 
1854.56, ‘58, 59, 60, °61, “62, 63,164, 7 (27°77, 13; 499) CO pacas 
'82, 88, '84, 85, ’86, 87, ‘88, '89, °90, “91, ‘92. Copies of the 
foliowing Reports, in manuscript, are on file: 1870, ’71, ‘73, ’76. 

The Palmetto Leaf made its first appearance as an Institution 
paper in 1887 and has been published, somewhat irregularly, 
since that date. 

The total number of pupils enrolled, from 1849 to 1856, dur- 
ing the time the school was the individual enterprise and prop- 
erty of Rev. N. P. Walker, was 65. 

The total number of pupils enrolled from 1849 to 1893 is as 
follows: 


Deaf, . ; , er ie 
Blind, . 188. 
The number of pupils present February 1, 1893, is as follows: 
Deaf, ! : : yeh 
Blindeae aeyele 


BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS, FEBRUARY 1, 1893. 


Hon. T. J. Moore, Chairman ; 
Hon. H. E. Heinitsh, Secretary and Treasurer; 
Hon. D. E. Converse, 
Hon. J. F. Ficken, 
Hon. W. D. Mayfield, State Sup't of Education, ex offiero. 


ad 


OFFICERS AND TEACHERS, FEBRUARY 1, 1898. 


Superintendent : 


N. F. Walker. 


Renee ae | es | 
— Kducation of the Deaf and the Blind. rt 


Matron : 
Mrs. V. E. Walker. 
Bhs Physician : 
Geo. W. Heinitsh, M. D. 


_ Teachers of the Deaf: 


oleman, Mrs. L. C. Irby, Miss M. M. King, 
_ Miss M. O, Sherrerd, Mrs. G. Coleman. 


. Teachers of the Blind: 
Cromer, _ J.C. Meares, | Miss B, P. Wright. 


Teacher of Drawing and Painting: 


Mrs. G. Coleman. 


Foreman of Shoe Shop: 
R. P. Rogers. 


| Foreman of Prounting Office: 
J. T. Carter. 


Foreman of Shops for the Blind: 
. H. W. Estes. 


DEPARTMENT FOR COLORED PUPILS, 
Teacher of the Deaf: 
tad TD . Carter. 


Reacher of the Blind: 
| (we H, W. Estes. 


Matron ‘ 
Eliza Alexander, 
ial teacher of Articulation was employed in 1880, and 
| teacher was added to this Department in 1887. A 
188 Drawing and Painting was added to the Corps of 


; tors i in 1889. Fourteen pupils are receiving ear 
Department at present. 


12. South Carolina Deaf and Blind Institution, 


All pupils have training in some handicraft or useful oceu- 
pation. The following schedule of hours is observed : 


Breakfast, 7. A. M. 

Morning Prayers and opening school, 8 A. M. 
School closes, 1 P. M. i ; 3 
Dinner, 15 0P aM: 

Shop-work, 2 to 5 P. M. 

Supper, 6 P. M. 

Study-Hour, 7 to 8 P. M. 

Evening Prayers, 8 P. M. 

Retire, 9 P. M. 


The above schedule gives the pupils eight to nine hours’ a 


~ work in Literary and Industrial Departments each day. On | 
Saturday the pupils are engaged in Industrial Department from _ 
8 A.M. to 12 M. On Sunday morning one hour is spent in 
Sunday-school work by the teachers with their respective 
classes; in the afternoon one hour or more is spent in the 
Chapel in Bible lectures or the reading of sermons. : 
The Institution is located four miles south of the city of 
Spartanburg, in the Piedmont section of the State, in a county 
which borders on North Carolina. It is situated on and owns _ 
a tract of 157 acres of land. The building is 210 feet front, — 
with an average depth of 65 feet; three stories high, heated 


by steam, and supplied with pure water from a large, bold _ 


spring. ‘The water is forced into tanks in the attic of the main 
building by means of a hydraulic ram. 

Cedar Spring was known prior to the Revolutionary war as 
Green Spring. It took its present name from the fact that for- 


merly a large cedar tree stood very near the spring. The 


place is historical. A battle was fought here between the 
Whigs and Tories on the 13th of July, 1780. 


